Cardiac Medicine Certification (CMC) Practice Exam

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What does the administration of diuretics lead to in regards to sodium?

  1. Increased sodium levels

  2. Natriuresis and diuresis

  3. Enhanced sodium absorption

  4. Improved renal filtration of sodium

The correct answer is: Natriuresis and diuresis

The administration of diuretics primarily triggers the processes of natriuresis and diuresis. Diuretics work by promoting the excretion of sodium in the urine; this process, known as natriuresis, leads to increased levels of sodium being expelled from the body. As sodium is excreted, water follows due to osmosis, resulting in diuresis, which is the increased production of urine. By targeting various pathways within the renal system, such as inhibiting sodium reabsorption in the nephron, diuretics effectively decrease the total body sodium content and fluid volume. This is particularly useful in managing conditions like hypertension, heart failure, and edema, where excess sodium and fluid retention are detrimental. Through their mechanism, diuretics accomplish the dual effect of promoting sodium loss and consequently increasing urine output.

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